The love trap: New fish species found where males have four HOOKS on their genitalia
- Female of the species also have interesting characteristics...
Fishing hooks aren't the only hooks found in east-central Mexican waters.
A new species of freshwater fish described by a North Carolina State University researcher has several interesting - and perhaps cringe-inducing - characteristics, including a series of four hooks on the male genitalia.
A paper describing the new species - known as the llanos mosquitofish, or Gambusia quadruncus - which lives in a diversity hotspot and seemingly branched off from its closest relative more than one million years ago, appears in the Journal of Fish Biology.
Don't fish with your bare hands: The male Gambusia quadruncus comes with a series of hooks in its genitals
Dr.
Brian Langerhans, assistant professor of biology at NC State and the lead author of the paper, says that these interesting characteristics may play important roles in mating control and success.
While more research is needed, Langerhans says that four-hooked genitalia on males can serve a purpose when females attempt to block or restrict mating attempts.
'Typically, reproduction is more costly in females, so females favor ways of reducing mating with 'lower quality' males,' Langerhans says, 'but reproduction is cheap in males and so selection favors ways of mating with as many females as possible.
'In Gambusia, some females, including G.
quadruncus, have evolved modifications that appear to function as a blocking device - essentially a big ball of tissue blocking most of the genital pore - restricting entry of the male's gonopodial tip. Thus, the female would have to behaviorally allow the male to mate or the male would have to evolve a counter response to avoid this problem.'
The river Rio Chama in New Mexico: Gambusia quadruncus lives in the area
The four-hooked genitalia could be that counter-response, Langerhans says.
'Having four hooks on the gonopodium may provide a means of overcoming female resistance, latching on to the gonopore and hosted vicidial transferring sperm in a manner that facilitates effective sperm transfer.
Or it may serve to stimulate the female in a manner that causes responses in the female that facilitate effective sperm transfer,' Langerhans says.
Females of the new species - the llanos mosquitofish, or Gambusia quadruncus - also have distinguishing characteristics, including a colorful anal spot
Somewhat similarly, the spot appears to serve as a signal that only certain males are desired for mating.
'The differing, species-specific female anal spots appear to influence male mating behavior by signaling the location of the gonopore to the male, sometimes indicating the reproductive status of the female, and distinguishing fish of their own species from fish of other species to reduce costly cross-breeding, which can result in fish with reduced fitness,' Langerhans says.
'So it may be that G. quadruncus evolved different anal spots to help reduce interspecies matings and possible formation of hybrids.'