For each supported type, swim extracts structured call sequences from the source files in the code corpus. However, these free-energy injections need not come from an external source. Recently, Swan and co-workers explored temporally varying the interaction potential (e.g. for systems in which the interaction energy can be modulated with an external field) and found improved colloidal crystallization rates by periodically "toggling" the interactions off and on. The above examples involve the application of external fields to circumvent kinetic barriers. In many cases, developers search for API usage examples on online code repositories such as GitHub and Bitbucket, or directly in their company’s proprietary code bases. However, while the imperative for motion is primarily related to the search for resources, it is also fraught with risk. Only thermal motion of the center of mass occurs (blue line), reminiscent of a Brownian particle. POSTSUPERscript is the frequency involved in overdamped motion. Experimental investigation of artificial bacteria flagella shows that at low frequency of the applied field, the axis of the helix does not align perpendicularly to the field but wobbles around the helix, with an angle increasing as the inverse of the field frequency. One of the important features observed in the thrust and velocity figures of section 3.2, is the dramatic drop in thrust and foil velocity that takes place at the largest pitch angle as the frequency of pitch is increased.

We find that shear-thinning viscosity modifies the velocity fields produced by the swimming nematode but does not modify the nematode’s speed and beating kinematics. We estimate the velocity during the transition. Our findings highlight the potential wide-ranging structural and kinetic control facilitated by varying the dynamical properties of a remarkably small fraction of driven particles embedded in a host material. To this end, we choose the simplest colloidal system that displays kinetic frustration as our host material: a suspension of polydisperse sticky particles. The classical system that demonstrates this issue of kinetic frustration is perhaps also the simplest: a colloidal suspension of spheres with short-range isotropic attractive interactions. Mediate effective interactions between the passive particles that can be either repulsive or attractive. POSTSUBscript. In practice, the mode of swimming store is likely not entirely decoupled from the surrounding fluid viscosity, as living organisms can alter their target swim speeds in response to increased dissipation.

While making this leap fluid is displaced. 37 These studies have revealed intriguing results: simulations 38 have shown that embedding a hard-sphere glass with active particles can improve crystallization rates while experiments on slightly more dilute hard-sphere systems demonstrated that active particles improve the coalescence of large passive grains. 2014), but also studies with artificially produced posts exist Park et al. While this is highly reminiscent of a depletion-like effect there is a significant caveat: here, our depletant (the active particles) is the same geometric size as the passive particles, a fascinating point that we will revisit later. Both disks are stable over time in the absence of active particles as macroscopic phase separation is the globally stable configuration. Nevertheless, that approach had difficulties when EODs had similar pulse width or when both fish fired pulses almost at the same time. Note that the active particle interactions need not be the same as those of the passive particles; they are, in principle, entirely independent if the interactions are generated by surface chemistries but will be identical if interactions are due to entropic or geometric effects, such as depletion induced by polymers. Structural. Dynamical Control. Figure 2A illustrates the structural control afforded by active doping.

POSTSUBscript explored. While strand connectivity is of course expected to be reduced with increasing strand thickness, we emphasize that this change in the coarsening process is observed even in the early stages of phase separation (see the snapshot enclosed in a red square in Figure 6). This suggests a fundamental alteration of the coarsening mechanism from bicontinuous spinodal decomposition - wherein a gel-like space-spanning structure thickens with time - to a mechanism that appears similar to droplet spinodal decomposition (see Figure 6), where demixing is achieved by the rapid formation of particle-rich drops that merge over time. The attractive particle interactions that are often used to stabilize these structures may also introduce a free energy landscape replete with barriers associated with particle rearrangement which can significantly delay or even preclude reaching the globally stable configuration. That we can think of the active particles as interacting with individual passive particles suggests that the swimmers have sufficient propulsive force to "dislodge" the passive particle from whatever latent structure the particles form. To illustrate this point, we prepare two systems that nominally differ only in the local microstructure by varying the passive particle size distribution. This stems from the reduction in swimmer accumulation within the wedge with increasing swimmer size - larger swimmers are less likely to be "trapped" in the wedge as illustrated in Figure 4C. Thus, like-size swimmer depletants not only reveal and emphasize the important notion of activity asymmetry driven interactions but fundamentally broaden the window of persistence lengths in which swimmer-mediated attraction is observed.