Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present and why has this advantage increased in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw a definitive conclusion. We know there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than men, we do not know the extent to which each factor plays a role.
We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. But this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.
This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage across all countries, Vanityselfie.com/__media__/js/netsoltrademark.php?d=glorynote.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a8%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d8%25ac%2F (getitinwriting.com) differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.
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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in developed countries than it is today.
Let's look at the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two distinct points stand out.
First, there's an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
Second, there's an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically during the last century.
You can check if these principles are also applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.
We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. But this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.
This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage across all countries, Vanityselfie.com/__media__/js/netsoltrademark.php?d=glorynote.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a8%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d8%25ac%2F (getitinwriting.com) differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.
__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in developed countries than it is today.
Let's look at the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two distinct points stand out.
First, there's an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
Second, there's an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically during the last century.
You can check if these principles are also applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.