By Rajendra Jadhav

MUMBAI, July 20 (Reuters) - India has prohibited the export of non-basmati white rice with immediate effect, according to a government notice on Thursday, after a late start to seasonal monsoon rains hurt the crop and raised fears of a production shortfall.

Here are some facts explaining why India is crucial to the global rice trade:

* India accounts for more than 40% of world rice exports, which amounted to 55.4 million metric tons in 2022.

India's rice shipments reached a record 22.2 million tons in 2022, more than the combined shipments of the world's next four biggest exporters of the grain - Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan and the United States.

* India exports rice to more than 140 countries.
Key buyers of Indian non-basmati rice include: Benin, Bangladesh, Angola, Cameroon, Djibouti, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya and Nepal. Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia mainly buy premium basmati rice from India.

* India exported 17.86 million tons of non-basmati rice in 2022, including 10.3 million tons of non-basmati white rice.

In September 2022, India banned exports of broken rice and imposed a 20% duty on exports of various grades of rice.

New Delhi has not put any restrictions on the export of basmati rice and parboiled rice, which stood at 4.4 million tons and 7.4 million tons, respectively, in 2022.

* Indian farmers plant paddy rice twice in a year.
Summer-sown crop planting starting in June accounts for more than 80% of the total output, which was 135.5 million tons in the 2022/23 crop year. In winter months, paddy rice is mainly cultivated in central and southern states.

West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha and Chattisgarh are key rice producing states in the country.

* To boost the area of rice cultivation, India raised the price at which it would buy new-season common rice paddy from farmers by 7% to 2,183 rupees ($26.63) per 100 kg.

But industry officials fear the area under paddy could drop marginally in 2023 because of erratic monsoon rainfall distribution.

The late arrival of the monsoon led to a large rain deficit up to mid-June. And while heavy rains since the last week of June have erased the shortfall, they have caused significant damage to crops.

($1 = 81.9826 Indian rupees) (Reporting by Rajendra Jadhav; Editing by Conor Humphries)